| Country
|
President
|
Parliament
|
| Lower House
|
Upper House
|
| Abkhazia |
2025 |
2022
|
| Afghanistan |
Autocracy[1][2][3] (2016; installed 2021) |
Appointed[4]
|
| Åland |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
| Albania |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
| Algeria |
2024 |
2021 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2022)
|
| American Samoa |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Andorra |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Angola |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
| Anguilla |
Monarchy |
2025
|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed
|
| Argentina |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
| Armenia |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
| Aruba |
Monarchy |
2024
|
| Australia |
Monarchy |
2025 |
2025
|
| Austria |
2022 |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Azerbaijan |
2024 |
2024
|
| Bahamas |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Appointed
|
| Bahrain |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed
|
| Bangladesh |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2024
|
| Barbados |
Indirectly-elected |
2022 |
Appointed
|
| Belarus |
2025 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Belgium |
Monarchy |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Belize |
Monarchy |
2025 |
Appointed
|
| Benin |
2021 |
2023
|
| Bermuda |
Monarchy |
2025 |
Appointed
|
| Bhutan |
Monarchy |
2023-24 |
2023
|
| Bolivia |
2020 |
2020 |
2020
|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2022 |
2022 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Botswana |
Indirectly-elected |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Brazil |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
| British Virgin Islands |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Brunei |
Monarchy |
Appointed
|
| Bulgaria |
2024 |
2024
|
| Burkina Faso |
2020 |
2020
|
| Burundi |
2020 |
2020 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Cambodia |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Cameroon |
2018 |
2020 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Canada |
Monarchy |
2025 |
Appointed
|
| Cape Verde |
2021 |
2021
|
| Cayman Islands |
Monarchy |
2025
|
| Central African Republic |
2020 |
2020–21
|
| Chad |
2024 |
2024
|
| Chile |
2021 |
2021 |
2021
|
| People's Republic of China |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
Indirectly-elected (2022-2023)
|
| Republic of China |
2024 |
2024
|
| Colombia |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
| Comoros |
2024 |
2025
|
| Democratic Republic of the Congo |
2023 |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Republic of the Congo |
2021 |
2022 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Cook Islands |
Monarchy |
2022
|
| Costa Rica |
2022 |
2022
|
| Croatia |
2024–2025 |
2024
|
| Cuba |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2023
|
| Cyprus |
2023 |
2021
|
| Czech Republic |
2023 |
2021 |
2024
|
| Denmark |
Monarchy |
2022
|
| Djibouti |
2021 |
2023
|
| Dominica |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
| Dominican Republic |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| East Timor |
2022 |
2023
|
| Ecuador |
2025 |
2025
|
| Egypt |
2023 |
2020 |
2020
|
| El Salvador |
2024 |
2024
|
| Equatorial Guinea |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
| Eritrea |
None |
None
|
| Estonia |
Indirectly-elected (2021) |
2023
|
| Eswatini |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Ethiopia |
Indirectly-elected |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Falkland Islands |
Monarchy |
2021
|
| Fiji |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
| Finland |
2024 |
2023
|
| France |
2022 |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected (2023)
|
| Gabon |
2025 |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Gambia |
2021 |
2022
|
| Georgia |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2024
|
| Germany |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2025 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Ghana |
2024 |
2024
|
| Gibraltar |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Greece |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
| Grenada |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed
|
| Guatemala |
2023 |
2023
|
| Guernsey |
Monarchy |
2020
|
| Guinea |
2020 |
2020
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
2019 |
2023
|
| Guyana |
Indirectly-elected |
2020
|
| Haiti |
2016–17 |
2015–16 |
2016–17
|
| Honduras |
2021 |
2021
|
| Hong Kong Special Administrative Region |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
| Hungary |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2022
|
| Iceland |
2024 |
2024
|
| India |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2024)
|
| Indonesia |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Iran |
2024 |
2024
|
| Iraq |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
| Republic of Ireland |
2018 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Israel |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
| Italy |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2022 |
2022
|
| Ivory Coast |
2020 |
2021 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2023)
|
| Jamaica |
Monarchy |
2020 |
Appointed
|
| Japan |
Monarchy |
2024 |
2022
|
| Jersey |
Monarchy |
2022
|
| Jordan |
Monarchy |
2024 |
Appointed
|
| Kazakhstan |
2022 |
2023 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected (2023)
|
| Kenya |
2022 |
2022
|
2022
|
| Kiribati |
2024 |
2024
|
| North Korea |
Indirectly-elected |
2019
|
| South Korea |
2022 |
2024
|
| Republic of Kosovo |
Indirectly-elected |
2025
|
| Kuwait |
Monarchy |
2024
|
| Kyrgyzstan |
2021 |
2021
|
| Laos |
Indirectly-elected |
2021
|
| Latvia |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
| Lebanon |
Indirectly-elected |
2022
|
| Lesotho |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed
|
| Liberia |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
| Libya |
Provisional |
2014
|
| Liechtenstein |
Monarchy |
2025
|
| Lithuania |
2024 |
2024
|
| Luxembourg |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Macao Special Administrative Region |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2021
|
| Madagascar |
2023 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Malawi |
2020 |
2019
|
| Malaysia |
Monarchy |
2022 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Maldives |
2023 |
2024
|
| Mali |
2018 |
2020
|
| Malta |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2022
|
| Isle of Man |
Monarchy |
2021
|
| Marshall Islands |
Indirectly-elected |
2023
|
| Mauritania |
2024 |
2023
|
| Mauritius |
Indirectly-elected |
2024
|
| Mexico |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Micronesia |
Indirectly-elected |
2025
|
| Moldova |
2024 |
2021
|
| Monaco |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Mongolia |
2021 |
2024
|
| Montserrat |
Monarchy |
2024
|
| Montenegro |
2023 |
2023
|
| Morocco |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Mozambique |
2024 |
2024
|
| Myanmar |
Indirectly-elected |
2020 |
2020
|
| Namibia |
2024 |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Nauru |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2022
|
| Nepal |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2022 |
Indirectly-elected (2024)
|
| Netherlands |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected (2023)
|
| New Zealand |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Nicaragua |
2021 |
2021
|
| Niger |
2020–21 |
2020–21
|
| Nigeria |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
| Niue |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Northern Cyprus |
2020 |
2022
|
| North Macedonia |
2024 |
2024
|
| Norway |
Monarchy |
2021
|
| Oman |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Appointed
|
| Pakistan |
Indirectly-elected (2024) |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected (2024)
|
| Palau |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Palestine |
2005 |
2006
|
| Panama |
2024 |
2024
|
| Papua New Guinea |
Monarchy |
2022
|
| Paraguay |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|
| Peru |
2021 |
2021
|
| Philippines |
2022 |
2022 |
2022
|
| Pitcairn Islands |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| Poland |
2020 |
2023 |
2023
|
| Portugal |
2021 |
2024
|
| Qatar |
Monarchy |
2021
|
| Romania |
2019 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Russia |
2024 |
2021 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| Rwanda |
2024 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Sahrawi Republic |
Indirectly-elected (2023) |
2023
|
| Saint Helena |
Monarchy |
2021
|
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Monarchy |
2022
|
| Saint Lucia |
Monarchy |
2021 |
Appointed
|
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Monarchy |
2020
|
| Samoa |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
2021
|
| San Marino |
Indirectly-elected |
2024
|
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
2021 |
2022
|
| Saudi Arabia |
Monarchy |
Appointed
|
| Senegal |
2024 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Serbia |
2022 |
2023
|
| Seychelles |
2020 |
2020
|
| Sierra Leone |
2023 |
2023
|
| Singapore |
2023 |
2020
|
| Slovakia |
2024 |
2023
|
| Slovenia |
2022 |
2022
|
| Solomon Islands |
Monarchy |
2024
|
| Somalia |
Indirectly-elected (2022) |
Indirectly-elected (2021–2022)
|
| Somaliland |
2024 |
2021 |
Appointed
|
| South Africa |
Indirectly-elected |
2024 |
Indirectly-elected
|
| South Ossetia |
2022 |
2024
|
| South Sudan |
2010 |
2010 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Spain |
Monarchy |
2023 |
2023
|
| Sri Lanka |
2024 |
2024
|
| Sudan |
Provisional |
Provisional
|
| Suriname |
Indirectly-elected |
2020
|
| Sweden |
Monarchy |
2022
|
| Switzerland |
Indirectly-elected |
2023 |
2023
|
| Syria |
2021 |
2024
|
| Tajikistan |
2020 |
2025 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Tanzania |
2020 |
2020
|
| Thailand |
Monarchy |
2023 |
Indirectly-elected (2024)
|
| Togo |
2020 |
2024
|
| Tonga |
Monarchy |
2021
|
| Transnistria |
2021 |
2020
|
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Indirectly-elected |
2025 |
Appointed
|
| Tunisia |
2024 |
2022–2023
|
| Turkey |
2023 |
2023
|
| Turkmenistan |
2022 |
2023
|
| Turks and Caicos Islands |
Monarchy |
2025
|
| Tuvalu |
Monarchy |
2024
|
| Uganda |
2021 |
2021
|
| Ukraine |
2019 |
2019
|
| United Arab Emirates |
Monarchy |
2023
|
| United Kingdom |
Monarchy |
2024 |
Appointed
|
| United States |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Uruguay |
2024 |
2024 |
2024
|
| Uzbekistan |
2023 |
2024 |
Appointed/indirectly-elected
|
| Vanuatu |
Indirectly-elected (2025) |
2025
|
| Vatican City |
Elective monarchy (2025) |
Appointed
|
| Venezuela |
2024 |
2020
|
| Vietnam |
Indirectly-elected |
2021
|
| Yemen |
2012 |
2003
|
| Zambia |
2021 |
2021
|
| Zimbabwe |
2023 |
2023 |
2023
|